Normal Cells vs. Cancer Cells: From Mitochondria to Metabolism

正常細胞與癌細胞:從線粒體到代謝的轉變

Origin and metabolic characteristics of cancer cells

Cancer cells are not invaded from outside, but rather transformed from normal cells. The core of this transformation lies in the dysfunction of mitochondria , the cell's energy factory. Normal cells rely on oxygen for aerobic metabolism, producing about 30 ATP (cellular energy units); while cancer cells switch to "fermentation" to metabolize glucose, producing only about 2 ATP , which is extremely inefficient. This leads to extreme starvation in cancer cells, accelerated metabolism, and massive consumption of nutrients.

This shift in metabolic pattern, known as the " Warburg effect," is a hallmark of cancer cells.

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Mitochondrial damage and cancer cell formation

The mitochondria contain a complex electron transport chain responsible for converting food into ATP . The fourth enzyme complex, cytochrome C oxidase , is a key step in this process, responsible for oxygen utilization and energy production.

When this enzyme complex is damaged, electrons cannot be stored and transferred properly, much like a leaky battery, leading to:

  • DNA damage
  • Cells can no longer use oxygen
  • Activate the ancient "anaerobic survival genes"

In order to survive, cells switch to anaerobic metabolism, which in turn leads to cancer cells.

The growth and destructive power of cancer cells

Cancer cells grow rapidly and can easily block organs and ducts.

  • Blocked blood vessels edema
  • Lung obstruction pulmonary edema
  • Biliary duct obstruction jaundice

These complications are often the cause of death.

Key genes in hypoxia and cancer

The formation of cancer cells is closely related to "hypoxia." When cells lack oxygen, they activate a gene called " HIF-1α " ( Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Alpha ), prompting the cells to become cancerous. Modern cancer therapies are attempting to inhibit this gene to prevent the formation and spread of cancer cells.

Methylene Blue: A possible auxiliary substance

Methylene blue is a drug with a long history, originally used to treat malaria and depression, and is now commonly used in emergency rooms to treat carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning. These toxins destroy cytochrome C oxidase, a process similar to the mechanism by which cancer cells form.

The effects of methylene blue:

  • As a substitute electron acceptor, it absorbs excess electrons.
  • Help restore mitochondrial function and oxygen utilization
  • Promotes ATP production and improves cell metabolism
  • It may help improve conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease (research required).

Usage suggestions and precautions

  • Recommended dosage: 20–40 drops daily, mixed with water or electrolyte powder.
  • Use a straw to avoid staining your lips.
  • Urine may appear green, which is normal.
  • Choose USP pharmaceutical grade methylene blue to ensure quality and safety.

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Conclusion: Understanding cancer cells begins with metabolism.

The formation of cancer cells is closely related to mitochondrial damage and hypoxic metabolism. A deeper understanding of cellular energy mechanisms and the roles of key enzymes can help develop more effective preventative and adjuvant therapies. While methylene blue is not a mainstream treatment, its potential deserves attention and further research. Healthy cells begin with a stable supply of energy and oxygen, which is fundamental to cancer prevention.

 

YouTube source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ly8ZIRCdXCs

YouTube Column: Dr. Berger in Chinese Health knowledge

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